This is covered in Chapter 21 of the iAVS Handbook.
Furrows fulfill essential functions that enhance system efficiency and health. They enable rapid and even water and nutrient distribution, ensuring effective flooding of the sand while keeping plant crowns above water, thus preventing root rot and moisture-related diseases and allowing for proper gaseous exchange once the detritus layer forms.
Furrows also create oxygen-rich, moist conditions that support beneficial bacteria and microorganisms, which aid in breaking down organic matter and fish waste.
The furrows is where the irrigation water flows, and the ridges remain clean and free, this is important to retain the hydraulic conductivity of the sand.
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