How can iAVs be scaled to feed 100 people year-round?
Note: I am going to compile (dump) some information here until I get the time to make this into an in-depth article to be published as a blog on this website and also added into the iAVs Handbook;
The ‘parking space’ sized iAVs has the capacity to produce fish and fresh vegetables sufficient to provide a family with 200 kg of fish and 1,400 kg of vegetables (fruit) per year in a footprint equal to an automobile parking space. *
*Assumes a sub-tropical or temperate climate or controlled environment that will permit year-round plant production.
(The use of the term ‘parking space’ is based on a slightly oversized American model car.)
Use of this comparative scale was suggested by Dr. H. Douglas Gross (Professor Emeritus, Crop Science at NCSU – Assistant Director, International Programs).
Context here is Lo-tech, such as for LDC, ‘Third World’ application. Yield from Moderate- to Hi-tech iAVs (e.g., with powered aeration, protection/shelter, CO2 amendment, Etc.) can be from 2 to 3 times greater per unit area/time than indicated here.
Key aspects of the parking space design and its food production capacity:
• Size and Layout: The design is based on an area of approximately 3.5 m x 8 m = 28 m2, which is about the size of a typical parking space. Within this space, 18 to 20 square meters are allocated for the bio-filter/grow bed, and 4 to 5 square meters for the fish tank.
• Vegetable Production: With a layout of 4 tomato plants per square meter, grown as single stems and with 3 crops per year, the system can accommodate approximately 234 plants per year. Each plant can produce about 6 kg of fruit, resulting in a total yield of 1,404 kg per year. The system can also incorporate a second short-duration crop as an intercropped understory, such as greens and herbs, which can be grown three times per year.
• Fish Production: The tank, occupying 4 to 5 square meters with a volume of 4 to 6 cubic meters, can yield 200 ± 50 kg of Tilapia per year. The fish typically reach a market size of 250 to 300 grams in 100 to 120 days from the 15 g fingerling stage. Harvesting can be done in batches or individually, depending on the needs. Yield depends on feed quality, temperature, dissolved oxygen levels, and harvested size.
• Water Management: iAVs is designed to conserve water, reutilizing each unit volume of water at least 100 times. A parking space sized unit with 3 cubic meters of water and 14 square meters of vegetable filter bed could yield 150 kg of fish and 1100 kg of vegetable fruits per year (an average of 3 kg (7 lb) fish and 21 kg (46 lb) vegetables each week).
• Aeration: If electrical power is not accessible, 2 to 5 m2 of the area can be used for a cascade-aeration ‘ladder’ between the filter’s outlet and the tank. With electric power, the remaining area may be used to increase the grow bed area and/or tank volume.
• Overall Food Production: An iAVs the size of a parking space can produce around 200 kg of fish and 1,400 kg of vegetables per year. Under North Carolina conditions, over 50 kilograms of tilapia may be harvested per year for each cubic meter of water cultured. Also about 360 kilograms of tomatoes or other vegetable fruits can be harvested.
The iAVs technique is scale-neutral, except for the direct cost of circulating the water as the fish tank water volume is increased. Yield from moderate to high-tech iAVs can be 2 to 3 times greater per unit area/time.